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Compressed air, along with water, natural gas and electricity, are essential utilities needed in the manufacturing process. Its application is widespread in the automotive, plumbing, textile, agriculture, food and beverage, construction and other industries where moisture must be removed from the air within these compressors to perform efficiently.
This guide will cover everything you need to know about how air dryers work, how to remove moisture from an air compressor and the types of air dryers available.
Air dryers or compressed air dryers are machines that help mitigate the moisture levels in compressed air. An air dryer can absorb moisture and other minute impurities from the air, creating a healthier and safer work environment. In particularly humid environments, compressed air dryers ensure continued operations and prevent downtime.
Moisture is always present in the air around us, and moisture levels fluctuate with the temperature. We measure moisture in pressure dew point (PDP), which refers to the temperature the air would have to be at to achieve the same dryness.
Condensation occurs in your air compressor during compression, which can impact the operation. Having excess moisture in your compressed air can damage your compressor machine, resulting in poor air quality and an inferior end product. This is especially important to prevent in larger factories during the manufacturing process where a multitude of pneumatic tools, motors and valves are necessary in the production line.
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Having the right type of compressor can ease the burden of excess condensation and moisture. The following are a few reasons you might have moisture buildup in your compressor:
Although we are able to compress air, we cannot compress water. This is why specific methods were developed to dry compressed air. One involves bringing down the temperature of the air to reheat it. In its cooled-down state, moisture can be drained from the air after condensation occurs, leaving you with moisture-free reheated air.
In another method, a particular material is used to absorb moisture from the air, and then it is discharged from the compressor. An alternative, costlier method includes over-compressing the air, reducing the temperature, draining the condensates and them returning it to its normal pressure.
Moisture trapped within an air compressor dryer can lead to complications that may have severe consequences for any industry. An example of this is when a pneumatic system used in the production line of an automotive company lacks the necessary devices to dry the moisture in compressors used to spray paint cars.
Air dryers were introduced to minimize the adverse effects and potential damage caused as a result. Some of the repercussions of excess moisture in compressed air include:
Pneumatic tools and controllers need the driest air content for efficient operation. Some consequences of water corrosion of pneumatic equipment include the following:
In various power plants and their assembly lines, compressed air plays a vital role in preventing contamination of food and beverage containers. Here are a few examples of how vaporized water can impact goods and products in different industries:
Atmospheric air contains moisture that must be extracted manually. During the filtering and compression processes, moisture builds up naturally. This is normal and can not be prevented. The problem is too much moisture that accumulates which may eventually cause damage.
Depending on the application, you may use different methods to eliminate excess moisture from the compressed air in your compressor. Besides your compressor, the air in your surroundings contains moisture, which should also ideally be minimized.
Read the following on how to remove moisture from an air compressor:
Extremely hot air that exits the pump of an air compressor will contain vaporized water. This hot vapor will condensate internally within the tank, causing moisture formation. Draining the tank daily will help reduce the condensation and moisture buildup that occurs. It also prevents rust from building within your tank and keeps moisture out of your pneumatic tools.
Designed to work with incoming cool air, a water trap is a simple method of removing moisture from compressed air. The air enters one side and then it circulates around the bowl where the water collects at the bottom of the trap and drains out. The air will exit through a filter, which traps other impurities in the air.
A water trap is not generally used on its own, but as part of a multi-step system to remove as much moisture from the air as possible. It is especially used for applications that require extremely dry air, such as painting, sandblasting or powder coating.
Storage tanks, also known as air receiver tanks, act as temporary storage reservoirs to store compressed air as it exits the air compressor. They are used in high-demand projects that require a lot of compressed air with little time to spare, including many industrial applications. The air storage tank pressurizes the compressed air to keep it usable.
Receiver tanks can be used for either wet storage or dry storage:
Absorption drying is a chemical process that uses absorptive materials typically either water-soluble sodium chloride or sulfuric acid to absorb excess moisture. This air compressor water removal method is not used as often as other drying methods but is still a viable option.
There are a few things you can do to help keep moisture out of your air compressor. Some include:
The solution to ensuring moisture does not detrimentally impact your business operations is adding an air dryer to your air compressor unit. They remove the extra moisture in the air that can lead to rust and other structural damage to your compressors internal parts, leaving only enough for the compressor to perform its task successfully. If this is not done, you could end up with poor air quality needed to execute a job and worse, damaged end products. Naturally, the knock-on effect will have serious implications for your business.
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Here are the main types of air dryers along with brief descriptions and the advantages and disadvantages of each:
These air dryers are similar to the refrigerators found in our homes and are also most commonly used. It is like a refrigerator because it uses a cooling process in the same way to prevent moisture buildup but the difference is what it is cooling. Household fridges keep fresh food and produce cool while the refrigerated dryer ensures the air in power plants is kept as clean and dry as possible.
Working similarly to an air conditioning unit, a refrigerated air dryer is connected to the air compressor and cools the air to a specified temperature, usually between 35-50 degrees Fahrenheit. This results in a pressure dew point of 33-39 degrees Fahrenheit. When the air reaches a temperature conducive to moisture saturation and condensation, it is known as the dew point.
The water drops out of the air and is separated, then the air is heated up and sent through the lines for its end-use. Some applications require a lower PDP, which would require a desiccant air dryer because the condensate will freeze at 32 degrees Fahrenheit and not be able to be removed. This is not one of the most economical ways to dry compressed air, but it is one of the most efficient and has a complete drying system in one unit.
These are a few of the advantages and disadvantages of refrigerant dryers:
One major drawback is that they can not be used for sub-freezing temperatures due to the damage the frozen air can cause to your dryer.
When air compressors intake air to compress, that air gets warmer as compression levels reach 100 pounds per square inch (psi) or higher. As the stream of compressed air cools, it creates vapor and moisture. Desiccant air dryers are one method of combating this moisture by adsorbing and reversing the cycle for applications requiring very dry or sterile air.
Desiccant dryers rely on desiccants, a dry material typically available as a powder or small beads or pellets covered in surface pores that attract and remove water through a process called physisorption. The air goes through the center of the pressure vessel, removing water as it circulates. Once the specified moisture content is reached, the air is moved out of the dryer to the lines for its end-use. A high-efficiency coalescing prefilter is needed to prevent damage from water and oil sludge.
Desiccant dryers are commonly used in the following applications:
A few benefits and drawbacks of desiccant dryers are listed below:
Despite their mechanical differences, refrigerant dryers and desiccant dryers have more similarities than differences because both serve the purpose of ridding nearby ambient air of moisture. Therefore, the debate between the two dryer types is not so much about which is better, but which is better suited to the needs of a given environment. In some cases, refrigerant and desiccant dryer systems work best in combination with each other, because one dryers strengths compensate for the others weaknesses, and vice versa.
Quincy Compressor manufactures a full line of desiccant air dryer systems with dual towers that allow for purging regeneration of the desiccant in one tower while the other tower dries compressed air. This feature provides customers with longer use of the desiccant and continuous operation for extended periods, as is common in industrial environments.
Chemical air dryers use special chemicals like sodium and lithium that absorb the excess moisture of the compressed air, after which they are discarded together. Using an effective air filtration system with this dryer type is vital to avoid chemical build-up that could damage the dryer. A few benefits include:
There are also a few disadvantages to consider, like the fact that it is expensive and extensive to replenish chemicals, which are also not easy to dispose of. The best quality air filtration system can be costly but is more effective with this dryer.
These dryers remove dampness during food production by separating compressed air from gas using semi-porous membranes to filter through. They are energy-efficient since they do not require electricity and operate quietly. They are also more affordable than the other air dryers but constantly need cleaning and removing oil pollutants.
Deliquescent air compressor dryers have a single tank and also use a desiccant, but they can only provide a PDP of 20-25 degrees Fahrenheit lower than the air temperature entering the dryer. When the compressed air enters the tank, it reacts with the desiccant material to produce a liquid effluent that needs to be drained out of the dryer and disposed of according to hazardous waste regulations.
These types of dryers are not used in industrial applications because the dried compressed air can contain small particles of the affluent, which would be corrosive to equipment down the line.
You can plumb your airlines to remove water from your compressed air. By using long lengths of metal piping built into two or more up-and-down patterns, the air is cooled as the piping absorbs the heat. Reacting to gravity, the water drops down to the bottom of the piping system into a drip leg or drop leg and is trapped by a water trap, a T-fitting and a ball valve.
The air continues on its path in the up-and-down piping, releasing more moisture through each segment. Each drip leg will have less water. By the time the air moves through the last segment, there should be no water in the drip leg. This can be used as a stand-alone method of drying compressed air and is the most common and cost-efficient way to dry compressed air in a shop for business or personal use.
Having an air dryer is a great step toward improving the quality and efficiency of your compressed air. To get the most out of your investment, follow these additional air dryer tips:
Whatever your air dryer needs, Quincy Compressor has dryers for every application. We are confident in the high quality of our products that will deliver the best air treatment management for your specific requirements.
When youre ready for us to come out for a service or you need an air dryer upgrade, call (251) 937- or request a quote and well contact you.
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